5. 1 CHANGE; COMPOUND NOUNS

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Match 1-8 with a) - h)
Weather, the music business, the seasons, the economy, the environment, the holiday industry, education, equality
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to make sentences.
We are already having to adapt
to extreme weather events.
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We are already having to adapt to extreme weather events.
Streaming services have transformed
the way we listen to music.
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Streaming services have transformed the way we listen to music.
It takes some people time to adjust
to the change of seasons.
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It takes some people time to adjust to the change of seasons.
Hosting a global sports event can do harm
to a country's economy.
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Hosting a global sports event can do harm to a country's economy.
Coal and gas mining cause damage to
the environment.
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Coal and gas mining cause damage to the environment.
Online hotel reviews have a positive effect
on travellers' experiences.
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Online hotel reviews have a positive effect on travellers' experiences.
E-learning courses have enabled millions
to access high-quality education.
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E-learning courses have enabled millions to access high-quality education.
The appearence of female journalists in the media has revolutionised
their fight for equality.
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The appearence of female journalists in the media has revolutionised their fight for equality.
Underline the verb phrases related to change in Exercises 3A and 3B
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and write them in the correct group according to their meaning. Include the part of speech that follows them.
react to change:
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adapt to + noun; to adjust to + noun
make a positive change
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have a positive effect on + noun|pronoun; enabled + noun|pronoun + infinitive with "to"
make a negative change
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have devastating effects on + noun | pronoun; can|do harm to + noun; cause damage to + noun
make a big change
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revolutionised + noun; transform + noun
Complete the encyclopedia entries
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with the names of the inventions in the photos.
The (1) was expected to be a major breakthrough for transport
but in the trade-off between safety and efficiency, safety won. The outlook for its future remains poor.
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The jet pack was expected to be a major breakthrough for transport
but in the trade-off between safety and efficiency, safety won. The outlook for its future remains poor.
The (2) was expected to revolutionise communication
but had a serious drawback: it could not be used over a long range and communications breakdowns were common.
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The wrist radio was expected to revolutionise communication
but had a serious drawback: it could not be used over a long range and communications breakdowns were common.
As glass bottles were replaced by cans, drinks manufactures needed a replacement for the (3)
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As glass bottles were replaced by cans, drinks manufactures needed a replacement for the bottled cap/top,
and the outcome was the (4).
The downside of the move to cans was a huge increase in the amount of rubbish.
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and the outcome was the ring pull.
The downside of the move to cans was a huge increase in the amount of rubbish.
Match definitions 1-6
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with the words in bold above.
compromise
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trade-off
There is a trade-off between the risks and the benefits involved.
expectation
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outlook
what is expected to happen in the future
system failure
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breakdowns
the failure of a relationship or system
a discovery
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breakthrough
an important new discovery or development
disadvantage
2 words
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drawback; downside
a disadvantage; the bad part of something
result
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outcome
the final result of a meeting, process etc
Complete the information with examples from the entries in Exercise 8B.
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More than one answer is sometimes possible.
Compound nouns are usually made of two words. They can be written as separate words, e.g. bottle cap, or a single word, e.g. (1),
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Compound nouns are usually made of two words. They can be written as separate words, e.g. bottle cap, or a single word, e.g. breakthrough, outlook, drawback, breakdown, outcome, downside,
or they can be written with a hyphen, e.g. (2).
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or they can be written with a hyphen, e.g. trade-off.
The plural is made by adding an "s" to the end, e.g. (?).
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The plural is made by adding an "s" to the end, e.g. breakdowns.
Several common compound nouns are made of a verb + preposition, e.g. (3),
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Several common compound nouns are made of a verb + preposition, e.g. breakthrough, trade-off, drawback, breakdown,
breakdowns; drawback.
or a preposition or adverb + verb, e.g. (4).
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or a preposition or adverb + verb, e.g. outlook, outcome.
outlook
If you understand both parts of the compound,
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you can often guess the meaning.
Listen to seven sentences.
Where does the stress usually fall?
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Write the compound noun in each sentence in your notebook and underline the stress.
the first word in a compound noun is usually stressed
There’s been a breakthrough.
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break
It’s a trade-off between cost and safety.
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trade
The long-term outlook is very good.
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out
The downside is I get paid less.
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down
There’s only one drawback.
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draw
There’s been a breakdown in communications.
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break
What was the outcome of the meeting?
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out
Match the beginnings and endings
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to make compound adjectives for products.
long-
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long-life batteries
high-
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high-definition TV
pocket-
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pocket-sized camcorder
water-
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water-proof watch
voice-
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voice-activated dictaphone
built-
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built-in dishwasher
hand-
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hand-held GPS system
solar-
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solar-powered torch
eco-
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eco-friendly detergent
energy-
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energy-efficient light bulb
A
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energy-efficient light bulb
B
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hand-held/handheld GPS
C
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water-proof/waterproof watch
D
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pocket-sized camcorder
E
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eco-friendly detergent
F
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solar-powered torch

Compound nouns

What is a compound noun? According to the compound words definiton, a compound noun is a word that is made up of two or more words. Many of the compound nouns are made of nouns modified by other nouns or adjectives. Usually, the first word from the compound noun modifies the second one, expressing what kind of thing it is and what is it used for. Also, a compound noun can be a single word, as an example, the word bedroom. Some of the compound nouns are connected with a hyphen, as an example, built-it, while some can be two separate words.

Compound noun examples

This lesson will explain you what are the compound nouns and how are they formed. You will also find compound noun examples and senteces with them. The list of compound words of this lesson includes different tyoes of compound nouns. Here are some examples of compound words from the compound words list:
  • 1. trade-off = compromise
  • 2. outlook = expectation
  • 3. breakdown = systen failure
  • 4. breakthrought = discovery
  • 5. outcome = result
There are many more compound nouns you will learn with this flashcard lesson! Take a look at all of the flaschards to master and understand the compound nouns!

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