Biznes 2

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Good that are carried by ship, train or aircraft
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freight
A product used in the home
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household product
Pieces of electrical equipment used in people’s homes
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appliances
clothing
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apparel
drinks
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beverages
Rooms, equipment or services that are provided for a particular purpose
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facilities
Another term for ‘property’
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real estate
The business of buying and selling shares
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brokerage
Public services used by everyone
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utilities
Good that are needed and used all the time
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consumer staples
Good that are not basic to people’s lives
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consumer discretionary
the transformation of raw materials into finished goods
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Manufacturing or fabrication
manufactures goods that are not destroyed by use, such as automobiles, household appliances or furniture
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Consumer durables
generally last for only a short time. Common examples are food and beverages, apparel, office stationery and gasoline
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Non — durable goods
Sometimes a manufacturing company positions itself as a service company. Microsoft, IBM and SAP are good examples. They offer not just products, but
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business solutions
elected by the shareholders and is responsible to them. It can hire and fire the CEO
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The Board
run the company on a day — to — day basis.
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senior management team
is a new business activity, and it collocated with the word ‘capital’ to mean money available to expand a successful start — up
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venture
is either a company, or any large important project. Used without the article it collocated with ‘free’ and ‘private’ to give to give a synonym for ‘capitalism.’
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enterprise
is simply money that somebody owes
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debt
refers to an amount of money that a company owes, but it can also mean legal responsibility for paying for something.
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liability
Many people work for themselves, with the legal status of sole trader. If they are a plumber or a shop — keeper
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self — employed
If they are a professional who works for several companies (e.g. a journalist or independent consultant)
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freelancer
can just be a synonym for ‘company.’ But it is more often used for a small company providing a professional service, such as a partnership of accountants, lawyers, or architects.
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firm
is when two companies join to form one. The suggestion is that the process is welcomes by both sides.
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merger
is when one company buys another. The process could be unwelcome by the smaller company, who might feel that they are being taken over.
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acquisition
red tape
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bureaucracy
A technical word for taxes on imported goods
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tariffs
A word for limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported
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quotas
kurs wymiany walut
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exchange rates
aktywa, majątek
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assets
company owned by another company
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subsidiary
money paid by a government to support a business
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subsidy
it brings benefits such as the creation of jobs, skills development and technology transfer.
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inward investment
Low labour and manufacturing costs are a major ... in the global market.
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competitive advantage
umowa kontraktowa
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contractual agreement
make it easy for managers to stay in touch with colleagues and Head Office
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Mobile communications
nadwyżka handlowa
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trade surplus
partner handlowy
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trading partners
A specific problem that causes delays to a whole process
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bottleneck
The amount of work that can be dealt with in a particular time period
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throughput
Actual output divided by potential output
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capacity utilization
A product that serves its intended function, without any extra features
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fit-for-purpose
If a product has good quality in relationship to its price
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good value-for-money
The characteristic of ‘always working well’
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reliability
The characteristic of 'lasting a long time'
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durability
A fault in the way something is made
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defect
introducing materials to an operation so it can begin.
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Loading
authorizing a task to begin.
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Dispatching
bringing together customer demand with operational issues of volume, timing, materials, etc.
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Planning
checking progress and solving problems.
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Monitoring
deciding when tasks should start and finish.
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Scheduling
deciding which workstation will carry out which task in which order.
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Sequencing
work — in — progress
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WIP
there is a network of complex, capital — intensive machinery through which WIP flows without interruption
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continuous process
there is an assembly line where WIP moves along the line past workstations carrying out fixed operations
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mass process
machinery and equipment are located in ‘cells’ around the plant, and WIP moves in groups to different cells; in each cell a variety of specialized operations can be carried out
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batch process
there is a fixed position layout where the WIP does not move; instead operations are scheduled in sequence on it
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job production
the WIP is often off — site, or at the customer's own premises
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large — scale project
when equipment (or the whole line) stops working and production is lost.
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Downtime
time between one job / batch finishing and the next beginning (includes time taken to prepare machinery for the new process).
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Changeover time
time required from receiving a customer order to final delivery; it includes order processing, pre — pack time, in — transit time, receiving and inspection.
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Lead time
time taken for a given job / batch to pass through operations needed.
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Cycle time
extra hours that someone works, beyond their contractual obligation (and often paid at a higher rate).
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Overtime
time taken to prepare machinery and equipment for a new job / batch.
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Set — up time
time required from the initial concept for a new product to when it first goes on sale.
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Time — to — market
any period of delay between one event and another (e.g. between giving an instruction and the operation beginning).
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Lag time

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