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Gerund after PREPOSITIONS öğrenmeye başla
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Gerund after CERTAIN VERBS: like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, finish, stop öğrenmeye başla
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Gerund as the SUBJECT of a sentence öğrenmeye başla
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TO+INFINITIVE After ADJECTIVES öğrenmeye başla
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This problem is difficult to solve.
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TO+INFINITIVE After CERTAIN VERBS: would like, want, need, decide, hope, expect, plan, forget, seem, try, promise, offer, refuse, learn, manage. öğrenmeye başla
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TO+INFINITIVE To express PURPOSE/REASON öğrenmeye başla
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I'm chasing this guy to earn my bread and butter.
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Stop! I'm tired of running. öğrenmeye başla
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This is a difficult situation to solve. I enjoy seeing you tired, but I would also like to escape.
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USUALLY: FOR CURRENT HABITS Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little. öğrenmeye başla
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Melissa, a good English teacher, usually makes students repeat sentences correctly. This usually bothers Meritxell, her student, a little.
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USED TO: FOR PAST HABITS OR PAST SITUATIONS THAT HAVE CHANGED Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke. öğrenmeye başla
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subject + USED TO + infinitive Meritxell used to take drugs, but now she doesn't even smoke.
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BE USED TO: FOR A NEW SITUATION THAT YOU ARE ALREADY ACCUSTOMED TO Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking. craving a very strong desire for something: a craving for chocolate öğrenmeye başla
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subject + BE USED TO + gerund or noun Melissa is used to craving food all the time since she quit smoking.
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GET USED TO: FOR SOMETHING THAT IS BECOMING FAMILIAR TO YOU OR TO WHICH YOU ARE ADAPTING. Melissa and Meritxell haven't gotten used to living without addictions. öğrenmeye başla
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subject + GET USED TO + gerund or noun
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Repeat after me: I used to take drugs. öğrenmeye başla
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öğrenmeye başla
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I wish you were here. I wish we were lying in bed together. You can use "were" for I/he/she/it.
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öğrenmeye başla
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to express regret or in reference to unreal situations.
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Wishes for the PRESENT and FUTURE öğrenmeye başla
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Use PAST SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS
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öğrenmeye başla
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to express when you would like a situation to be different.
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He wishes they were lying on the bed. öğrenmeye başla
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to express when you would like to be doing something different. He wishes they were lying on the bed.
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over. öğrenmeye başla
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I wish you would stop laughing at me. Now I wish you hadn't come over.
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He wishes she handn't come over. öğrenmeye başla
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to express regret or when you would like a situation to be different.
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To COMPLAIN or express IMPATIENCE öğrenmeye başla
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Use WOULD+VERB or COULD+VERB
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öğrenmeye başla
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He wishes she would stop laughing.
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öğrenmeye başla
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He wishes he could make her disappear.
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You can use SUBJECT+WISH+PRONOUN in fixed expressions: öğrenmeye başla
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RATHER at The Museum of Modern Art öğrenmeye başla
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I would rather shoot myself than wait in line with all these snobs.
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Look and learn! You have to be an alternative artist. öğrenmeye başla
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Oh Daddy! I would rather just be a waitress.
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öğrenmeye başla
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He is a sex maniac rather than an art enthusiastic öğrenmeye başla
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means "instead of" or "and not". Normally used to compare parallel structures.
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öğrenmeye başla
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means "would prefer to...
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WOULD RATHER ... THAN is used to show preference between options. Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else. öğrenmeye başla
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION 1+THAN+OPTION 2 Elvis would rather be the center of attention than be just like everybody else.
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öğrenmeye başla
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WOULD RATHER is used to show preference for one option over another. -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here. öğrenmeye başla
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SUBJECT+WOULD RATHER+INFINITIVE without to+OPTION -Hey, Jeff! Let's get out of here! -I'd rather stay here.
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She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted. öğrenmeye başla
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Used to change what it is just said. She is distracted, or rather, she is pretending to be distracted.
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Marilyn had a rather tender look. öğrenmeye başla
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is also an adverb of degree. It means "quite". Marilyn had a rather tender look.
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öğrenmeye başla
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Connectors, also called linking words or linkers, indicate the relationship between ideas.
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, (?), the car lights öğrenmeye başla
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The last clue drove Harry to the wood house on top of the montain. Maybe this would be the telltale clue. The weather was very bad and, in addition, the car lights
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the car lights didn't work (?) they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier. öğrenmeye başla
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the car lights didn't work because they had been shout out a couple of hours earlier.
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(?) all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed. öğrenmeye başla
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Despite all this, Harry managed to get to the place and get out of the car unnoticed.
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The lights of the house were on (?) Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window. öğrenmeye başla
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The lights of the house were on so Harry carefully crawled through the bushes until he reached the window.
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. (?), a shiver came over his body. öğrenmeye başla
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There he saw Elisabeth crying. Suddenly, a shiver came over his body.
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öğrenmeye başla
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Elisabeth was actually laughing (?) looking directly into Harry's eyes öğrenmeye başla
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Elisabeth was actually laughing and looking directly into Harry's eyes
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öğrenmeye başla
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öğrenmeye başla
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öğrenmeye başla
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for example (e.g.), for instance, such as
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öğrenmeye başla
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with regard to, regarding, concerning, by the way
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öğrenmeye başla
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and, also, too, as well as, in addition, apart from, besides, furthermore, moreover, then again
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öğrenmeye başla
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in short, in brief, in summary, to conclude, in conclusion
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öğrenmeye başla
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because, because of, for, since, as, due to, owing to
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öğrenmeye başla
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so, consequently, as a result, therefore, thus, hence
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öğrenmeye başla
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but, however, although, even though, though, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, nonetheless, while, whereas, unlike, on the other hand, anyway
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öğrenmeye başla
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firstly, secondly, thirdly, to begin with, next, lastly, finaly
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öğrenmeye başla
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at the beginning, then, at last, once, afterwards, suddenly, finally, in the end
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öğrenmeye başla
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obviously, particularly, in theory, in fact, especially
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öğrenmeye başla
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surely, indeed, undoubtedly, certainly, even so
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öğrenmeye başla
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A relative clause is a dependent clause that mofifies a word, phrase or idea in the main clause.
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A relative clause begins with a öğrenmeye başla
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RELATIVE PRONOUN WHO, WHOM, WHOSE, THAT or WHITCH The type of clause determines which relative pronoun to use. (in certain situations, WHAT, WHEN and WHERE can function as relative pronouns)
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There are two types of relative clauses: öğrenmeye başla
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NON-DEFINING CLAUSES and DEFINING CLAUSES
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öğrenmeye başla
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The information contained in defining clauses is ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's nor clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is NOT separated by a COMMA.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: The woman who is pushing a stroller is her heroine öğrenmeye başla
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For people: WHO, THAT (and WHOM followed by a preposition). For things: WHICH, THAT stroller: a chair on wheels in which a small child can be pushed along SYN buggy British English
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öğrenmeye başla
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In non-defining clauses the information is NOT ESSENTIAL. When deleted, it's still clear who or what is being talked about. This type of clause is separated by a COMMA from the main clause.
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In this type of clause the relative pronouns used are: Exercise, which is supposed to be good for your health, is killing her. öğrenmeye başla
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For people: WHO (and WHOM, WHOSE) For things: WHICH (and WHOSE)
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öğrenmeye başla
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There are two voices in English: the active and the passive
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The dog bit Julianne's leg. öğrenmeye başla
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describes what the subject does. The dog bit Julianne's leg.
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Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog. öğrenmeye başla
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describes what is done to the subject. It's usually used when we don't know or are not interested in who performs the action. Julianne's leg was bitten by some dog.
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The passive voice is formed with: öğrenmeye başla
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It can also be formed by: öğrenmeye başla
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All the verb tenses can be expressed in passive voice. öğrenmeye başla
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The concert will be performed next week. The concert has been performed already.
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öğrenmeye başla
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to show the person or thing doing the action. The painting was made by a monkey.
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I would like him to be eaten too. öğrenmeye başla
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The pigeons are eating a worm. Worms are eaten every day all over the world.
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öğrenmeye başla
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I need a friend ASAP. She said she needed a friend ASAP. ASAP the abbreviation of as soon as possible
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There are two ways to repeat what another person said: öğrenmeye başla
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DIRECT SPEECH and REPORTED SPEECH
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öğrenmeye başla
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uses exact words in quotation marks. She said "I need a friend".
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öğrenmeye başla
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She said she needed a friend.
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öğrenmeye başla
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the past form of direct speech.
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öğrenmeye başla
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She said she needed a friend.
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öğrenmeye başla
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She said she was feeling alone.
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I've spent all Sundays watching TV. öğrenmeye başla
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She said she had spent all Sunday watching TV.
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öğrenmeye başla
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She said she would go to bed early.
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When direct speech uses a past form, öğrenmeye başla
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reported speech doesn't change.
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öğrenmeye başla
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I was looking for a better life. öğrenmeye başla
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She said she was looking for a better life.
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