native 1000 słówek

deem to be

consider

infinitely or immeasurably small

minute

concurrence of opinion

accord

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

evident

a customary way of operation or behavior

practice

have in mind as a purpose

intend

something that interests you because it is important or affects you

concern

perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

commit

some situation or event that is thought about

issue

move towards

approach

set up or found

establish

without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers

utter

direct the course of; manage or control

conduct

consume all of one's attention or time

engage

come into possession of

obtain

deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand

scarce

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

policy

successive (without a break)

straight

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest (equity)

stock

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

apparent

a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class

property

imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind

fancy

an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances

concept

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

court

assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to

appoint

a section of text; particularly a section of medium length

passage

unproductive of success

vain

an occurrence of something

instance

the shore of a sea or ocean

coast

a planned undertaking

project

a special group delegated to consider some matter

commission

a quantity that does not vary

constant

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

circumstances

to compose or represent:"This wall forms the background of the stage setting"

constitute

a relative position or degree of value in a graded group

level

have an effect upon

affect

set up or lay the groundwork for

institute

give an interpretation or rendition of

render

be attractive to

appeal

bring into existence

generate

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

theory

a variety of different things or activities

range

a race between candidates for elective office

campaign

an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members

league

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

labor

have a conference in order to talk something over

confer

allow to have

grant

think moodily or anxiously about something

dwell

provide entertainment for

entertain

a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law

contract

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

earnest

give or supply

yield

to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course

wander

be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge

insist

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

knight

make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something

convince

serve as the inciting cause of

inspire

a large formal assembly

convention

an ability that has been acquired by training

skill

annoy continually or chronically

harry

involving financial matters

financial

show an image of

reflect

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

novel

provide or equip with furniture

furnish

force somebody to do something

compel

proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

venture

the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state

territory

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

temper

fixed in your purpose

bent

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

intimate

enter upon an activity or enterprise

undertake

(elections) more than half of the votes

majority

to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true

assert

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

crew

a natural or artificial enclosed space

chamber

marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful

humble

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

scheme

having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions

keen

having political or social views favoring reform and progress

liberal

a state in which all hope is lost or absent

despair

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

tide

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

attitude

show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for

justify

emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

flag

any admirable quality or attribute

merit

reveal its presence or make an appearance

manifest

a general inclusive concept

notion

relative magnitude

scale

characteristic of or befitting a person in authority

formal

available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed

resource

continue to exist

persist

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

contempt

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

tour

enter a plea, as in courts of law

plead

to be oppressive or burdensome

weigh

how something is done or how it happens

mode

a discrimination between things as different and distinct

distinction

at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position

inclined

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity

attribute

make a great effort at a mental or physical task

exert

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

oppress

compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others

contend

a strong wooden or metal post with a point at one end so it can be driven into the ground

stake

work hard

toil

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

perish

your usual mood

disposition

complain bitterly

rail

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

cardinal

show off

boast

a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea

advocate

present

bestow

report or maintain

allege

despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)

notwithstanding

of imposing height; especially standing out above others

lofty

a large indefinite number

multitude

having a sharp inclination

steep

pay close attention to; give heed to

heed

not large but sufficient in size or amount

modest

being or affecting only a part; not total

partial

(usually followed by `to') naturally disposed toward

apt

the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)

esteem

appearing to merit belief or acceptance

credible

provide the needed stimulus for

provoke

a step in walking or running

tread

learn or discover with certainty

ascertain

proceed or get along

fare

relinquish possession or control over

cede

continuing forever or indefinitely

perpetual

a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge)

decree

make or work out a plan for; devise

contrive

formed or developed from something else; not original

derived

marked by complexity and richness of detail

elaborate

having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary

substantial

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

frontier

arrived at without due care or effort; lacking depth

facile

make reference to

cite

show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for

warrant

weep convulsively

sob

a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)

rider

permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter

dense

cause physical pain or suffering in

afflict

grow vigorously

flourish

invest with ministerial or priestly authority

ordain

having or showing or expressing reverence for a deity

pious

cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations

vex

(physics) the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface

gravity

(of undissolved particles in a fluid) supported or kept from sinking or falling by buoyancy and without apparent attachment

suspended

obvious to the eye or mind

conspicuous

a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one)

retort

an airplane powered by one or more jet engines

jet

run away; usually includes taking something or somebody along

bolt

to agree or express agreement

assent

a sum of money spoken of as the contents of a money purse

purse

the arithmetic operation of summing; calculating the sum of two or more numbers

plus

give authority or permission to

sanction

(law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked

proceeding

praise, glorify, or honor

exalt

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

siege

feeling a need to see others suffer

malice

recklessly wasteful

extravagant

increase in phase

wax

press tightly together or cram

throng

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

venerate

attack someone physically or emotionally

assail

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

sublime

draw from; make good use of

exploit

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

exertion

catch fire

kindle

furnish with an endowment

endow

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

imposed

cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of

humiliate

a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US Constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment

suffrage

issue or terminate (in a specified way, state, etc.); end

ensue

a natural stream of water smaller than a river (and often a tributary of a river)

brook

a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale

gale

reflect deeply on a subject

muse

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

satire

cause to be interested or curious

intrigue

something that serves to indicate or suggest

indication

send away towards a designated goal

dispatch

crouch or curl up

cower

an established custom

wont

a system of body parts that together serve some particular purpose

tract

a collection of books accepted as holy scripture especially the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired

canon

cause to move forward with force

impel

freedom from normal restraints in conduct

latitude

leave behind empty; move out of

vacate

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

undertaking

kill intentionally and with premeditation

slay

one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

predecessor

the quality of being beautiful and delicate in appearance

delicacy

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

forsake

ask for or request earnestly

beseech

of or relating to philosophy or philosophers

philosophical

a small growth of trees without underbrush

grove

hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of

frustrate

widely known and esteemed

illustrious

an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose

device

cheap or pretentious or vain display

pomp

ask for or request earnestly

entreat

transmit (knowledge or skills)

impart

correct or appropriate behavior

propriety

render holy by means of religious rites

consecrate

the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

proceeds

come to understand

fathom

the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable)

objective

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

clad

devoted to a cause or party

partisan

a dissenting clique

faction

artificially formal

contrived

impressive by reason of age

venerable

not showy or obtrusive

restrained

harass, as with questions or requests

besiege

a clear appearance

manifestation

an act or expression of criticism and censure

rebuke

in opposition to a civil authority or government

insurgent

using language effectively to please or persuade

rhetoric

having scruples; arising from a sense of right and wrong; principled

scrupulous

approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation

ratify

cause to be perplexed or confounded

stump

marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint

discreet

impressive in appearance

imposing

showing pensive sadness

wistful

cause to feel shame; hurt the pride of

mortify

stir up (water) so as to form ripples

ripple

a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn

premise

wear off or die down

subside

contrary to your interests or welfare

adverse

a sudden desire

caprice

gather or bring together

muster

broad in scope

comprehensive

yield to another's wish or opinion

accede

characterized by intense emotion

fervent

cause to form a united, orderly, and aesthetically consistent whole

cohere

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

tribunal

severely simple

austere

returning to health after illness or debility

recovering

people having the same social, economic, or educational status

stratum

characterized by extreme care and great effort

conscientious

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

arbitrary

exasperate or irritate

exasperate

summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

conjure

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

ominous

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

edifice

escape, either physically or mentally

elude

spread or diffuse through

pervade

promote the growth of

foster

take to task

admonish

cancel officially

repeal

not arrogant or presuming

retiring

not of prime or central importance

incidental

to agree or express agreement

acquiesce

(often followed by `of') a large number or amount or extent

slew

seize and take control without authority and possibly with force; take as one's right or possession

usurp

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

sentinel

the quality of being reproducible in amount or performance

precision

force to leave (an office)

depose

occurring without motivation or provocation

wanton

state of disgrace resulting from detestable behavior

odium

rule of personal conduct

precept

a courteous expression (by word or deed) of esteem or regard

deference

a noisy fight

fray

openly straightforward and direct without reserve or secretiveness

candid

unceasing

enduring

improperly forward or bold

impertinent

lacking stimulating characteristics; uninteresting

bland

give to understand

insinuate

insignificantly small; a matter of form only (`tokenish' is informal)

nominal

humbly entreating

suppliant

lacking spirit or liveliness

languid

praise enthusiastically

rave

relating to or involving money

monetary

in a hasty and foolhardy manner

headlong

incapable of failure or error

infallible

influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flattering

coax

elaborate, as of theories and hypotheses

explicate

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

gaunt

suggesting the horror of death and decay

morbid

wandering freely

ranging

cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of

pacify

(used with regard to idealized country life) idyllically rustic

pastoral

stubbornly unyielding

dogged

fall away or decline

ebb

someone who acts as assistant

aide

cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will of

appease

specify as a condition or requirement in a contract or agreement; make an express demand or provision in an agreement

stipulate

something or someone turned to for assistance or security

recourse

lacking spontaneity; not natural

constrained

moderate or restrain; lessen the force of

bate

a feeling of intense dislike

aversion

an artistic device or effect

conceit

(usually followed by `to') strongly opposed

loath

an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

rampart

obtain by coercion or intimidation

extort

leave slowly and hesitantly

tarry

perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

perpetrate

propriety in manners and conduct

decorum

produced or growing in extreme abundance

luxuriant

insincere talk about religion or morals

cant

give instructions to or direct somebody to do something with authority

enjoin

extreme greed for material wealth

avarice

a formal or authoritative proclamation

edict

cause to lose one's composure

disconcert

balance among the parts of something

symmetry

surrender under agreed conditions

capitulate

act between parties with a view to reconciling differences

arbitrate

separate or cut with a tool, such as a sharp instrument

cleave

add to the very end

append

the human face (`kisser' and `smiler' and `mug' are informal terms for `face' and `phiz' is British)

visage

a moving crowd

horde

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

parable

censure severely

chastise

hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of

foil

often used as intensifiers

veritable

come to terms with

grapple

the most powerful members of a society

gentry

a sudden numbing dread

pall

a saying that is widely accepted on its own merits

maxim

a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations

projection

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

prowess

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

dingy

an outward or token appearance or form that is deliberately misleading

semblance

advertize in strongly positive terms

tout

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

fortitude

into parts or pieces

asunder

an overwhelming defeat

rout

characterized by dignity and propriety

staid

influence by slyness

beguile

have the often specious appearance of being, intending, or claiming

purport

corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

deprave

leave or give by will after one's death

bequeath

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

enigma

marked by care and persistent effort

assiduous

a person holding a fief; a person who owes allegiance and service to a feudal lord

vassal

draw back, as with fear or pain

quail

outlying areas (as of a city or town)

outskirts

a protective structure of stone or concrete; extends from shore into the water to prevent a beach from washing away

bulwark

an erratic deflection from an intended course

swerve

prepare oneself for a military confrontation

gird

pledged to be married

betrothed

of or concerned with or related to the future

prospective

make reference to

advert

not allowing contradiction or refusal

peremptory

the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural)

rudiment

reason by deduction; establish by deduction

deduce

fragmentary or halting from emotional strain

halting

a state of dishonor

ignominy

an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation

ideology

lacking in vitality or interest or effectiveness

pallid

strong feelings of embarrassment

chagrin

thrust oneself in as if by force

obtrude

disposed to venture or take risks

audacious

make sense of; assign a meaning to

construe

cross a river where it's shallow

ford

the food served and eaten at one time

repast

an unbroken period of time during which you do something

stint

a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

fresco

willingly obedient out of a sense of duty and respect

dutiful

make or shape as with an axe

hew

functional equality

parity

diffusing warmth and friendliness

affable

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

interminable

steal goods; take as spoils

pillage

a feeling of evil to come

foreboding

tear or be torn violently

rend

the financial means whereby one lives

livelihood

do something that one considers to be below one's dignity

deign

determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by necessity or reason

capricious

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

stupendous

material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds

chaff

not established by conditioning or learning

innate

an abstracted state of absorption

reverie

to quarrel noisily, angrily or disruptively

wrangle

a long narrow opening

crevice

appearing as such but not necessarily so

ostensible

lacking even the rudiments of courage; abjectly fearful

craven

an indication that something has been present

vestige

examine thoroughly and in great depth

plumb

temperamentally disinclined to talk

reticent

an inclination to do something

propensity

censure severely or angrily

chide

choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans

espouse

especially fine or decorative clothing

raiment

invulnerable to fear or intimidation

intrepid

according with custom or propriety

seemly

lessen the intensity of or calm

allay

occurring in spells and often abruptly

fitful

become ground down or deteriorate

erode

free of artificiality; sincere and genuine

unaffected

a major division of a long poem

canto

easily handled or managed

docile

treat condescendingly

patronize

be teeming, be abuzz

teem

arouse hostility or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness

estrange

a quarrel about petty points

spat

sing or play with trills, alternating with the half note above or below

warble

dignified manner or conduct

mien

fill to satisfaction

sate

the body of voters who elect a representative for their area

constituency

belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

patrician

avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

parry

someone who practices a learned profession

practitioner

disentangle

ravel

occupy in large numbers or live on a host

infest

give an incentive for action

actuate

inclined to anger or bad feelings with overtones of menace

surly

get over an illness or shock

convalesce

lower someone's spirits; make downhearted

demoralize

grow worse

devolve

liveliness and eagerness

alacrity

do without or cease to hold or adhere to

waive

out of the ordinary

unwonted

be in an agitated emotional state

seethe

to look at critically or searchingly, or in minute detail

scrutinize

lacking self-confidence

diffident

curse or declare to be evil or anathema or threaten with divine punishment

execrate

incapable of being placated

implacable

a sudden outburst of anger

pique

a slight but appreciable amount

mite

hold back

encumber

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

uncouth

easily irritated or annoyed

petulant

make amends for

expiate

given to haughty disregard of others

cavalier

light teasing repartee

banter

act in an arrogant, overly self-assured, or conceited manner

bluster

corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

debase

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

retainer

make subservient; force to submit or subdue

subjugate

praise, glorify, or honor

extol

filled with or attended with

fraught

profoundly honored

august

a long narrow depression in a surface

fissure

a small natural hill

knoll

emotionally hardened

callous

teach and impress by frequent repetitions or admonitions

inculcate

cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations

nettle

turn pale, as if in fear

blanch

of an obscure nature

inscrutable

stubbornly unyielding

tenacious

the state of being under the control of another person

thrall

a pressing or urgent situation

exigency

sad beyond comforting; incapable of being consoled

disconsolate

a force that moves something along

impetus

an uncalled-for burden

imposition

kindly endorsement and guidance

auspices

full and loud and deep

sonorous

an act that exploits or victimizes someone (treats them unfairly)

exploitation

something causing misery or death

bane

interchangeable with `means' in the expression `by means of'

dint

(used of conduct or character) deserving or bringing disgrace or shame

ignominious

characterized by friendship and good will

amicable

the beginning or early stages

onset

a schoolhouse with special facilities for fine arts

conservatory

the point above the observer that is directly opposite the nadir on the imaginary sphere against which celestial bodies appear to be projected

zenith

marked by a ready flow of speech

voluble

in former times was free and cultivated his own land

yeoman

a manner lacking seriousness

levity

feeling great rapture or delight

rapt

characterized by oppressive heat and humidity

sultry

bind the arms of

pinion

(logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident

axiom

catch sight of

descry

the group following and attending to some important person

retinue

a worker who holds or is invested with an office

functionary

take in liquids

imbibe

having variety of character or form or components; or having increased variety

diversified

raid and rove in search of booty

maraud

petty or reluctant in giving or spending

grudging

a predisposition to like something

partiality

the humanistic study of language and literature

philology

humorously sarcastic or mocking

wry

meet to select a candidate or promote a policy

caucus

spread or diffuse through

permeate

presenting favorable circumstances; likely to result in or show signs of success

propitious

having a quality that thrusts itself into attention

salient

make peace with

propitiate

remove by cutting

excise

be a signal for or a symptom of

betoken

acceptable to the taste or mind

palatable

express criticism towards

upbraid

someone who rebels and becomes an outlaw

renegade

ancient

hoary

marked by a narrow focus on or display of learning especially its trivial aspects

pedantic

showing marked and often playful or irritating evasiveness or reluctance to make a definite or committing statement

coy

a solemn pledge of fidelity

troth

entry to another's property without right or permission

encroachment

be in contradiction with

belie

a large fleet

armada

assistance in time of difficulty

succor

not easily perturbed or excited or upset; marked by extreme calm and composure

imperturbable

uncertain how to act or proceed

irresolute

a special way of doing something

knack

not in keeping with accepted standards of what is right or proper in polite society

unseemly

to stress, single out as important

accentuate

make known to the public information that was previously known only to a few people or that was meant to be kept a secret

divulge

possessing muscular strength

brawn

polish and make shiny

burnish

beat rapidly

palpitate

not selective of a single class or person

promiscuous

make believe with the intent to deceive

dissemble

a fleet of small craft

flotilla

abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will

invective

the abode of a hermit

hermitage

destroy and strip of its possession

despoil

make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

sully

having or exerting a malignant influence

malevolent

so lacking in interest as to cause mental weariness

irksome

speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly

prattle

inferior in rank or status

subaltern

a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions

welt

cause to happen or to occur as a consequence

wreak

based on sound reasoning or evidence

tenable

defying imitation; matchless

inimitable

(usually plural) a destructive action

depredation

to bring or combine together or with something else

amalgamate

not subject or susceptible to change or variation in form or quality or nature

immutable

a person authorized to act for another

proxy

shower with love; show excessive affection for

dote

extremely conservative

reactionary

the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct

rationalism

give qualities or abilities to

endue

showing or indicating careful judgment and discernment especially in matters of taste

discriminating

a decorative pin worn by women

brooch

characterized by a lightly pert and exuberant quality

pert

go ashore

disembark

an elaborate song for solo voice

aria

(usually plural) accessory wearing apparel

trappings

assist or encourage, usually in some wrongdoing

abet

conducted with or marked by hidden aims or methods

clandestine

swell from or as if from internal pressure

distend

having only superficial plausibility

glib

to gather something into small wrinkles or folds

pucker

a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one)

rejoinder

adornment consisting of a small piece of shiny material used to decorate clothing

spangle

affected by blight; anything that mars or prevents growth or prosperity

blighted

conformity with some esthetic standard of correctness or propriety

nicety

infringe on the rights of

aggrieve

gown (especially ceremonial garments) worn by the clergy

vestment

showing a high degree of refinement and the assurance that comes from wide social experience

urbane

bear the expenses of

defray

resembling or characteristic of a phantom

spectral

very generous

munificent

an authoritative declaration

dictum

an interest followed with exaggerated zeal

fad

a sheath for a sword or dagger or bayonet

scabbard

corrupt, debase, or make impure by adding a foreign or inferior substance; often by replacing valuable ingredients with inferior ones

adulterate

annoy persistently

beleaguer

complain

gripe

an abatement in intensity or degree (as in the manifestations of a disease)

remission