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1 the act of making sb be less respected; the state of being less respected the degradation of being in prison ▶ poniżenie 2 causing the condition of sth to become worse environmental degradation ▶ degradacja

degrade /dɪˈɡreɪd; US / verb [transitive] to make people respect sb less It’s the sort of film that really degrades women. ▶ poniżać

1 [countable] a measurement of angles a forty-five degree (45°) angle An angle of 90 degrees is called a right angle. ▶ stopień

1 [tran, usually passive] to remove all the water from sth dehydrated vegetables suszone warzywa ▶ odwadniać (się) —dehydration /ˌdi: haɪˈdreɪʃn; US / noun [uncountable] Several of the runners were suffering from severe dehydration. ▶ odwodnienie

delay1 /dɪˈleɪ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a situation or period of time where you have to wait Delays are likely on the roads because of heavy traffic.

1 [transitive] to make sb/sth slow or late The plane was delayed for several hours because of bad weather. ▶ opóźniać

delegate1 /ˈdelɪɡət; US / noun [countable] a person who has been chosen to speak or take decisions for a group of people, especially at a meeting ▶ delegat/ka

delegate2 /ˈdelɪɡeɪt; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to give sb with a lower job or position a particular task to do You can’t do everything yourself. You must learn how to delegate. ▶ delegować zlecać

1 [countable, with sing. or pl. verb] a group of people who have been chosen to speak or take decisions for a larger group of people, especially at a meeting The British delegation walked out of the meeting in protest. ▶ delegacja

delete /dɪˈli: t / [tran] to remove sth that is written The advantage of a word processor is that you make a mistake you can delete it. ‘ I will not be able to attend the meeting. Delete as appropriate (niepotrzebne skreślić).’ ▶ skreślać usuwać

deliberate1 /dɪˈlɪbərət / adj. 1 done on purpose; planned Was it an accident or was it deliberate? ▶ celowy rozmyślny  SYN.  intentional 2 done slowly and carefully, without hurrying She spoke in a calm, deliberate voice. ▶ rozważny niespieszny

1 in a way that was planned, not by chance I didn’t break it deliberately – it was an accident. ▶ celowo rozmyślnie  SYNONYM  purposely  OPPOSITE  by accident

1[uncountable] the quality of being easy to damage or break ▶ delikatność

easy to damage or break delicate skin delicate china teacups the delicate mechanisms of a watch ▶ delikatny

□ delicately /; US / adv. 1 lightly, gently or finely delicately painted vases ▶ delikatnie subtelnie 2 with skilful and careful movement She stepped delicately over the broken glass. ▶ delikatnie ostrożnie

delicatessen /ˌdelɪkəˈtesn; US / noun [countable] a shop that sells special, unusual or foreign foods, especially cold cooked meat, cheeses, etc. ▶ delikatesy

delicious /dɪˈlɪʃəs; US / adj. having a very pleasant taste or smell This soup is absolutely delicious. What are you cooking? It smells delicious. ▶ smakowity pyszny bardzo smaczny

1 [uncountable] great pleasure She laughed with delight as she opened the present. ▶ zachwyt radość  SYNONYM  joy

delight2 /dɪˈlaɪt; US / verb [transitive] to give sb great pleasure She delighted the audience by singing all her old songs. ▶ zachwycać radować

delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd; US / adj. delighted (at/with/about sth); delighted to do sth/that... extremely pleased She was delighted at getting the job/that she got the job. They’re absolutely delighted with their baby.

delightful /dɪˈlaɪtfl; US / adj. very pleasant a delightful view of the sea The people were delightful and I made a lot of friends. ▶ zachwycający wspaniały □ delightfully /-fəli; US / adv. ▶ zachwycająco wspaniale

delirious /dɪˈlɪriəs; US / adj. 1 speaking or thinking in a crazy way, often because of illness ▶ bredzący majaczący 2 extremely happy I was absolutely delirious when I passed the exam. ▶ uszczęśliwiony szalejący z radości

delirium /dɪˈlɪriəm; US -ˈlɪəriəm; US / noun [uncountable] a mental state where sb becomesdelirious, usually because of illness fits of delirium He mumbled in delirium all night. ▶ delirium maligna majaczenie

1[intransitive, transitive] to take sth (goods, letters, etc.) to the place requested or to the address on it Your order will be delivered within five days. We deliver free within the local area. ▶ dostarczać

1[uncountable] the act of taking sth (goods, letters, etc.) to the place or person who has ordered it or whose address is on it Please allow 28 days for delivery. a delivery van ▶ doręczenie dostawa

delve /delv; US / verb [intransitive] to search for sth inside a bag, container, etc. She delved into the bag and brought out a tiny box. ▶ sięgać

1[count] a demand (for sth/that...) a strong request that must be obeyed The demand for the kidnappers to release the hostage has not been met. a demand for changes in the law I was amazed by their demand that I should leave immediately. ▶ żądanie

1demand to do sth/that...; demand sth to ask for sth in an extremely firm or aggressive way I walked into the office and demanded to see the manager. She demanded that I pay her immediately. Your behaviour was disgraceful and I demand an apology.

demanding /dɪˈmɑ: ndɪŋ; US -ˈmæn- / adj. 1 (used about a job, task, etc.) needing a lot of effort, care, skill, etc. It will be a demanding schedule – I have to go to six cities in six days. ▶ wymagający

demarcate /ˈdi: mɑ: keɪt/ verb [transitive] (formal) to mark or establish the limits of sth Plots of land have been demarcated by barbed wire. The police demarcated the city into eighteen geographical divisions. ▶ wyznaczać granicę wytyczać granicę

1demean yourself to do sth that makes people have less respect for you I wouldn’t demean myself by asking for charity. poniżać się 2 to make people have less respect for sb/sth Such images demean women. Behaviour like this demeans politics. poniżać

dementia /dɪˈmenʃə; US / noun [uncountable] a serious mental disorder caused by brain disease or injury, that affects the ability to think, remember and behave normally ▶ demencja otępienie umysłowe

demilitarize (also demilitarise) /ˌdi:ˈmɪlɪtəraɪz; US / verb [transitive, usually passive] to remove military forces from an area a demilitarized zone ▶ demilitaryzować  OPPOSITE  militarize

verb [transitive] to release sb from military service, especially at the end of a war We were waiting to be demobilized. The army has demobilized 200 000 soldiers in the last two years. ▶ demobilizować ⇨ look at mobilize

1[uncountable] a system in which the government of a country is elected by the people ▶ demokracja 2[countable] a country that has this system How long has that country been a democracy? ▶ demokracja

democrat /ˈdeməkræt; US / noun [countable] 1 a person who believes in and supports democracy ▶ demokrat-a/ka 2(Democrat) (abbr. Dem. /dem; US /) a member of, or sb who supports, the Democratic Party of the US

democratic /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk; US / adj. 1 based on the system of democracy democratic elections a democratic government ▶ demokratyczny

data relating to the population and different groups within it the demographics of radio listeners ▶ statystyczne dane demograficzne

to destroy sth, for example a building The old shops were demolished and a supermarket was built in their place. • (figurative) She demolished his argument in one sentence. ▶ wyburzać rozbierać obalać

demon /ˈdi: mən; US / noun [countable] an evil spirit ▶ demon diabeł

demonic /diˈmɒnɪk; US / adj. connected with, or like, a demon demonic forces a demonic appearance ▶ demoniczny szatański

1 [transitive] demonstrate sth (to sb) to show sth clearly by giving proof Scientists demonstrated the presence of radioactivity in the soil. Using this chart, I’d like to demonstrate to you what has happened to our sales. ▶ dowodzić demonstrować

1 (especially Brit., informal demo) [countable] a demonstration (against/for sb/sth) a public protest for or against sb/sth demonstrations against a new law ▶ manifestacja demonstracja

demonstrator /ˈdemənstreɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who takes part in a public protest ▶ demonstrant/ka manifestant/ka

to make sb lose confidence or the courage to continue doing sth Repeated defeats completely demoralized the team. ▶ działać demobilizująco zniechęcać do dalszego działania

den /den; US / noun [countable] 1 the place where certain wild animals, such as lions live ▶ nora legowisko 2 a secret place, especially for illegal activities a den of thieves a gambling den jaskinia hazardu ▶ kryjówka melina

noun 1 [countable] a statement that sth is not true The minister issued a denial that he was involved in the scandal. ▶ zaprzeczenie wyparcie się

denounce /dɪˈnaʊns; US / verb [transitive] to say publicly that sth is wrong; to be very critical of a person in public Opposition MPs have denounced the government’s decision.

dense /dens; US / adj. 1 containing a lot of things or people close together dense forests areas of dense population ▶ gęsty zwarty 2 difficult to see through dense fog ▶ gęsty 3(informal) not intelligent; stupid ▶ tępy

density /ˈdensəti; US / noun (pl. densities) 1[uncountable] the number of things or people in a place in relation to its area the density of populaton There is a high density of (duże zagęszczenie) wildlife in this area. ▶ gęstość

dent1 /dent; US / verb [transitive] to damage a flat surface by hitting it but not breaking it I hit a wall and dented the front of the car. ▶ wginać wyginać

dent2 /dent; US / noun [countable] a place where a flat surface, especially metal, has been hit and damaged but not broken This tin’s got a dent in it. ▶ wgięcie wklęśnięcie wygięcie

dental /ˈdentl; US / adj. [only before a noun] connected with teeth dental care/treatment ▶ dentystyczny stomatologiczny

ˈdental floss noun [uncountable] a type of thread that is used for cleaning between the teeth ▶ nić dentystyczna

dentist /ˈdentɪst; US / noun 1 [countable] a person whose job is to look after people’s teeth an appointment with the dentist The dentist examined my teeth and said I needed a filling. ▶ dentyst(k)a stomatolog ⇨ note at tooth

denunciation /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] an expression of strong disapproval of sb/sth in public a strong denunciation of the invasion ▶ potępienie ⇨ verb denounce

(denying; denies; past, past part. denied) 1deny sth/doing sth; deny that... to state that sth is not true; to refuse to admit or accept sth In court he denied all the charges. She denied telling lies/that she had told lies. ▶ zaprzeczać wypierać się

deodorant /diˈəʊdərənt; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a chemical substance that you put onto your body to prevent bad smells ▶ dezodorant

depart /dɪˈpɑ: t; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (formal) to leave a place, usually at the beginning of a journey Ferries depart for Spain twice a day. The next train to the airport departs from platform 2. ▶ odjeżdżać odpływać odlatywać

1 one of the sections into which an organization, for example a school or a business, is divided the Modern Languages department The book department is on the second floor. She works in the accounts department. ▶ wydział dział departament

departmental /ˌdi: pɑ: tˈmentl; US / adj. [only before a noun] connected with a department There is a departmental meeting (zebranie wydziału) once a month. ▶ wydziałowy ministerialny działowy

1 leaving or going away from a place Arrivals and departures are shown on a screen in the station. Kate’s sudden departure meant I had to do her job as well as mine. Passengers should check in at least one hour before departure.

dependable /dɪˈpendəbl; US / adj. that can be trusted The bus service is very dependable. ▶ niezawodny pewny

dependant (especially US dependent) /dɪˈpendənt; US / noun [countable] a person who depends on sb else for money, a home, food, etc. insurance cover for you and all your dependants ▶ osoba będąca na czyimś utrzymaniu

dependence /dɪˈpendəns; US / noun [uncountable] dependence on sb/sth the state of needing sb/sth The country wants to reduce its dependence on imported oil. ▶ zależność  OPPOSITE  independence

dependency /dɪˈpendənsi; US / noun [uncountable] the state of being dependent on sb/sth; the state of being unable to live without sth, especially a drug a drug dependency clinic ▶ uzależnienie

1 dependent (on sb/sth) needing sb/sth to support you The industry is heavily dependent on government funding. Do you have any dependent children? ▶ zależny na czyimś utrzymaniu

1 to show sb/sth in a painting or drawing a painting depicting a country scene ▶ przedstawiać dawać obraz 2 to describe sb/sth in words The novel depicts rural life a century ago. ▶ opisywać

deplete /dɪˈpli: t; US / verb [transitive] to reduce the amount of sth so that there is not much left Wealthy nations are depleting the world’s natural resources. ▶ uszczuplać wyczerpywać

deploy /dɪˈplɔɪ; US / verb [transitive] 1 to put soldiers or weapons in a position where they are ready to fight ▶ rozstawiać (wojsko/broń)

deport /dɪˈpɔ: t; US / verb [transitive] to force sb to leave a country because they have no legal right to be there A number of illegal immigrants have been deported. ▶ deportować wydalać (z kraju)

1a deposit (on sth) a sum of money which is the first payment for sth, with the rest of the money to be paid later Once you have paid a deposit, the booking will be confirmed. ▶ zaliczka zadatek

2 (used about liquid or a river) to leave sth lying on a surface, as the result of a natural or chemical process mud deposited by a flood muł naniesiony przez powódź ▶ pozostawiać coś jako osad

depot /ˈdepəʊ; US ˈdi:- / noun [countable] 1 a place where large amounts of food, goods or equipment are stored ▶ magazyn skład 2 a place where large numbers of vehicles (buses, lorries, etc.) are kept when not in use ▶ zajezdnia remiza

depraved /dɪˈpreɪvd; US / adj. (formal) morally bad This is the work of a depraved mind. ▶ zdeprawowany  SYNONYMS  wicked, evil □ depravity /dɪˈprævəti; US / noun [uncountable] a life of depravity ▶ zdeprawowanie  SYNONYM  wickedness

deprecate /ˈdeprəkeɪt; US / verb [transitive] (formal) to feel and express strong disapproval of sth ▶ potępiać □ deprecating (also deprecatory /ˌdeprəˈkeɪtəri; US ˈdeprɪkətɔ: ri /) adj. a deprecating comment ▶ potępiający

depreciate /dɪˈpri:ʃieɪt; US / verb [intransitive] to become less valuable over a period of time New cars start to depreciate the moment they are on the road. ▶ dewaluować się deprecjonować się tracić na wartości

1 to make sb unhappy and without hope or enthusiasm The thought of going to work tomorrow really depresses me. ▶ przygnębiać

1 very unhappy, often for a long period of time He’s been very depressed since he lost his job. ▶ przygnębiony w depresji ⇨ note at sad

□ depressing /; US / adj. The thought of growing old alone is very depressing. ▶ przygnębiający —depressingly /; US / adv. ▶ przygnębiająco

[uncountable] a feeling of unhappiness that lasts for a long time. Depression can be a medical condition and may have physical signs, for example being unable to sleep, etc. clinical/post-natal depression ▶ depresja przygnębienie

deprive /dɪˈpraɪv; US / verb [transitive] deprive sb/sth of sth to prevent sb/sth from having sth; to take away sth from sb to deprive people of their rights as citizens The prisoners were deprived of food. ▶ pozbawiać

1 [countable, uncountable] the distance down from the top to the bottom of sth What’s the depth of the swimming pool? The hole should be 3 cm in depth. ▶ głębokość

(pl. deputies) the second most important person in a particular organization, who does the work of their manager if the manager is away the deputy head of a school While I am away my deputy will take over. ▶ zastęp-ca/czyni