Słowa na E-6

ETA /ˌi: ti: ˈeɪ; US / abbr. estimated time of arrival; the time at which an aircraft, a ship, etc. is expected to arrive ▶ przewidywany czas przyjazdu/przylotu ⇨ look at ETD

etc. /ˌet ˈsetərə; US / abbr. et cetera; and so on, and other things of a similar kind sandwiches, biscuits, cakes, etc. ▶ itd. itp.

etch /etʃ; US / verb etch A (with B); etch B (in/into/on A) [intransitive, transitive] to cut lines into a piece of glass, metal etc. in order to make words or a picture

etching /ˈetʃɪŋ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a picture that is printed from anetched piece of metal; the art of making these pictures

ETD /ˌi: ti: ˈdi:; US / abbr. estimated time of departure; the time at which an aircraft, ship, etc. is expected to leave ▶ przewidywany czas odjazdu/odlotu ⇨ look at ETA

eternal /ɪˈtɜ: nl/ adj. 1 without beginning or end; existing or continuing for ever Some people believe in eternal life. ▶ wieczny 2[only before a noun] happening too often; seeming to last for ever I’m tired of these eternal arguments! ▶ wieczny

eternity /ɪˈtɜ: nəti; US / noun 1 [uncountable] time that has no end; the state or time after death ▶ wieczność

ethanol /ˈeɵənɒl; US -nəʊl / noun [uncountable] the type of alcohol in alcoholic drinks, also used as a fuel or solvent ▶ etanol alkohol etylowy

ether /ˈi:ɵə(r); US / noun [uncountable] 1 a clear liquid made from alcohol, used in industry as a solvent and, in the past, in medicine to make people unconscious before an operation ▶ eter

ethic /ˈeɵɪk n 1 (ethics) [pl.] moral principles that control or influence a person’s behaviour professional/business/medical ethics to draw up a code of ethics He began to question the ethics of his position. ▶ etyka

ethical /ˈeɵɪkl; US / adj. 1 connected with beliefs of what is right or wrong That is an ethical problem. ▶ etyczny 2 morally correct Although she didn’t break the law, her behaviour was certainly not ethical. ▶ etyczny moralny

ethnic /ˈeɵnɪk; US / adj. connected with or typical of a particular race or religion ethnic food/music/clothes ethnic minorities mniejszości narodowe ▶ charakteryzujący daną grupę etniczną

ˌethnic ˈcleansing noun [uncountable] the policy of forcing people of a certain race or religion to leave an area or country ▶ czystki etniczne

ˌethnic miˈnority noun [countable] a group of people from a particular culture or of a particular race living in a country where the main group is of a different culture or race

ethnography /eɵˈnɒɡrəfi; US / noun [uncountable] the scientific description of different races and cultures ▶ etnografia □ ethnographic /ˌeɵnəˈɡræfɪk; US / adj. ethnographic research ▶ etnograficzny

ethnology /eɵˈnɒlədʒi; US / noun [uncountable] the scientific study and comparison of human races ▶ etnologia □ ethnological /ˌeɵnəˈlɒdʒɪkl; US / adj. ▶ etnologiczny —ethnologist /eɵˈnɒlədʒɪst; US / noun [countable] ▶ etnolog

ethos /ˈi:ɵɒs; US / noun [sing.] (formal) the moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society an ethos of public service the carefree Californian ethos ▶ etos

etiquette /ˈetɪket; US / noun [uncountable] the rules of polite and correct behaviour professional etiquette ▶ etykieta

etymology /ˌetɪˈmɒlədʒi; US / noun (pl. etymologies) 1[uncountable] the study of the origins and history of words and their meanings ▶ etymologia

eucalyptus /ˌju: kəˈlɪptəs; US / noun [countable, uncountable] (pl. eucalyptuses or eucalypti /-taɪ; US /) (also eucaˈlyptus tree)

euphemism /ˈju: fəmɪzəm/ noun [c, unc] using a polite word or expression instead of a more direct one when you are talking about sth that is unpleasant or embarrassing; a word used in this way ‘ Pass away’ is a euphemism for ‘ die’. ▶ eufemizm

euphoria /ju:ˈfɔ: riə;/ noun [uncountable] (formal) a feeling of great happiness ▶ euforia □ euphoric /ju:ˈfɒrɪk; US; / adj. My euphoric mood could not last. His parents were less than euphoric about the news of his engagement. ▶ euforyczny

European1 /ˌjʊərəˈpi:ən; US / adj. of or from Europe European languages the European Championship ▶ europejski

European2 /ˌjʊərəˈpi:ən; US / noun [countable] a person from a European country ▶ Europej-czyk/ka

the Euroˌpean ˈUnion noun [sing.] (abbr. EU /ˌi: ˈju:; US /) an economic and political association of certain European countries ▶ Unia Europejska

ˌEuro-ˈsceptic noun [countable] a person, especially a British politician, who is opposed to closer links with the European Union ▶ eurosceptyk □ ˌEuro-ˈsceptic adj. ▶ eurosceptyczny

euthanasia /ˌju:ɵəˈneɪziə; US -ˈneɪʒə / noun [uncountable] the practice (illegal in most countries) of killing without pain sb who wants to die because they are suffering from a disease that cannot be cured ▶ eutanazja

/ɪˈvækjueɪt ;/ [tran] to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safer; to leave a place because it is dangerous Thousands of people were evacuated from the war zone. The village had to be evacuated when the river burst its banks. ▶ ewakuować

evade /ɪˈveɪd; US / verb [transitive] 1 to manage to escape from or to avoid meeting sb/sth They managed to evade capture and escaped to France. ▶ unikać

evaluate /ɪˈvæljueɪt; US / verb [transitive] (formal) to study the facts and then form an opinion about sth We evaluated the situation very carefully before we made our decision. ▶ oceniać

evangelical /ˌi: vænˈdʒelɪkl; US / adj. (used about certain Protestant churches) believing that religious ceremony is not as important as belief in Jesus Christ and study of the Bible ▶ ewangelicki

evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ verb [intran] 1 (used about a liquid) to change into steam or gas and disappear The water evaporated in the sunshine. ▶ wyparować 2 to disappear completely All her confidence evaporated when she saw the exam paper. ▶ znikać

evasion /ɪˈveɪʒn; US / noun [countable, uncountable] 1 the act of avoiding sth that you should do He has been sentenced to two years’ imprisonment for tax evasion. an evasion of responsibility ▶ uchylanie się unik

evasive /ɪˈveɪsɪv; US / adj. trying to avoid sth; not direct Ann gave an evasive answer. ▶ wymijający

eve /i: v; US / noun [countable] the day or evening before a religious festival, important event, etc. New Year’s Eve He injured himself on the eve of the final. ▶ wigilia przeddzień

even1 /ˈi: vn; US / adj. 1 flat, level or smooth The game must be played on an even surface. ▶ równy gładki płaski 2 not changing; regular This wine must be stored at an even temperature ▶ równomierny 3 (used about a competition, etc.) equal,

even2 /ˈi: vn / adv. 1 (used for emphasizing sth that is surprising) It isn’t very warm here even in summer. Even the children helped. He didn’t even open the letter. I have been so busy that I haven’t even had time to read the newspaper. ▶ nawet

ˌeven-ˈhanded adj. completely fair, especially when dealing with different groups of people He had an even-handed approach to the negotiations. Their role was to dispense even-handed justice. ▶ bezstronny sprawiedliwy

evening /ˈi: vnɪŋ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] the part of the day between the afternoon and the time that you go to bed What are you doing this evening (dziś wieczorem)? We were out yesterday evening.

ˈevening class noun [countable] a course of study for adults in the evening an evening class in car maintenance to go to/attend evening classes ▶ kurs wieczorowy

ˈevening dress noun 1 [uncountable] elegant clothes worn for formal occasions in the evening ▶ strój wieczorowy 2[countable] a woman’s usually long formal dress ▶ suknia wieczorowa

evenly /ˈi: vnli; US / adv. in a smooth, regular or equal way The match was very evenly balanced. Spread the cake mixture evenly in the tin. ▶ równo

event /ɪˈvent; US / noun [countable] 1 something that happens, especially sth important or unusual a historic event The events of the past few days have made things very difficult for the Government. ▶ wydarzenie ⇨ look at happening

ˌeven-ˈtempered adj. not easily made angry or upset He’s very even-tempered – in fact I’ve never seen him angry. ▶ zrównoważony

eventful /ɪˈventfl; US / adj. full of important, dangerous, or exciting things happening ▶ bogaty w wydarzenia urozmaicony

eventual /ɪˈventʃuəl; US / adj. [only before a noun] happening as a result at the end of a period of time or of a process It is impossible to say what the eventual cost will be. the eventual break-up of their marriage ▶ końcowy ostateczny

eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli; US / adv. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW in the end; finally He eventually managed to persuade his parents to let him buy a motor bike. ▶ w końcu ostatecznie

ever- /ˈevə(r); US / [in compounds] always; continuously the ever-growing problem of pollution ▶ ciągle wciąż wiecznie

ever /ˈevə(r); US / adv. 1 (used in questions and negative sentences, when you are comparing things, and in sentences with if) at any time Do you ever wish you were famous? She hardly ever (rzadko kiedy) goes out. Today is hotter than ever.

evergreen /ˈevəɡri: n; US / noun [countable], adj. (a tree or bush) with green leaves all through the year ▶ (drzewo) wiecznie zielony zimozielony ⇨ look at deciduous

everlasting /ˌevəˈlɑ: stɪŋ; US ˈlæst- / adj. (formal) continuing for ever; never changing everlasting life/love ▶ wieczny nieskończony

Everyone odnosi się wyłącznie do ludzi. Nie występuje po nim of. Every one oznacza „każda osoba lub rzecz“ i często po nim występuje of: Every one of his records has been successful. Zob. też uwaga przy somebody.

every /ˈevri; US / determiner 1[used with singular nouns] all of the people or things in a group of three or more She knows every student in the school. There are 200 students in the school, and she knows every one of them.

everybody /ˈevribɒdi; US; -bʌdi / (also everyone /ˈevriwʌn; US /) pron. [with sing. verb] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW every person; all people Is everybody here?

everyday /ˈevrideɪ; US / adj. [only before a noun] normal or usual The computer is now part of everyday life. ▶ codzienny powszedni

everybody /ˈevribɒdi; US; -bʌdi / (also everyone /ˈevriwʌn; US /) pron. [with sing. verb] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW every person; all people Is everybody here?

everything /ˈevriɵɪŋ; US / pron. [with sing. verb] 1 each thing; all things Sam lost everything in the fire. Everything is very expensive in this shop. We can leave everything else (resztę) until tomorrow. ▶ wszystko

everywhere /ˈevriweə(r); US / (also everyplace /ˈevripleɪs; US /) adv. in or to every place I’ve looked everywhere. ▶ wszędzie

evict /ɪˈvɪkt; US / verb [transitive] to force sb (officially) to leave the house or land which they are renting They were evicted for not paying the rent. ▶ eksmitować wysiedlać

evidence /ˈevɪdəns; US / noun [uncountable] evidence (of/for sth); evidence that... the facts, signs, etc. that make you believe that sth is true There was no evidence of a struggle in the room. You have absolutely no evidence for what you’re saying!

evident /ˈevɪdənt; US / adj. clear (to the eye or mind); obvious It was evident that the damage was very serious. ▶ jasny oczywisty

evidently /ˈevɪdəntli; US / adv. 1 clearly; that can be easily seen or understood She was evidently extremely shocked at the news. ▶ wygląda na to, że 2 according to what people say Evidently he has decided to leave. ▶ najwyraźniej jasne, że

evil1 /ˈi: vl; US / adj. morally bad; causing trouble or harming people In the play, Richard is portrayed as an evil king. ▶ zły  OPPOSITE  good

evil2 /ˈi: vl; US / noun [uncountable, countable] a force that causes bad or harmful things to happen Drugs and alcohol are two of the evils of modern society. The play is about the good and evil in all of us. ▶ zło  OPPOSITE  good

evoke /ɪˈvəʊk; US / verb [transitive] (formal) to produce a memory, feeling, etc. in sb in a pleasant way For me, that music always evokes hot summer evenings. Her novel evoked a lot of interest. ▶ przywoływać wywoływać

evolution /ˌi: vəˈlu:ʃn; US ˌev-; US / noun [uncountable] 1 the development of plants, animals, etc. over many thousands of years from simple early forms to more advanced ones Darwin’s theory of evolution ▶ ewolucja

evolutionary /ˌi: vəˈlu:ʃənri; ˌev-; US -neri / adj. connected withevolution; connected with gradual development and change evolutionary theory evolutionary change ▶ ewolucyjny

evolve /iˈvɒlv / verb 1 [intr, tran] (formal) to develop or to make sth develop gradually, from a simple to a more advanced form His style of painting has evolved over the past 20 years The twins have evolved a language of their own. ▶ rozwijać (się)

/ɪɡˈzækt / adj. 1 (completely) correct; accurate What is the exact time? I can’t tell you the exact number of people who are coming. She’s the exact opposite of her sister. He’s in his mid-fifties. Well, 56 to be exact (ściśle mówiąc). ▶ dokładny

exactly /ɪɡˈzæktli; US / adv. 1 (used to emphasize that sth is correct in every way) just You’ve arrived at exactly the right moment. I found exactly what I wanted. ▶ dokładnie 2 (used to ask for, or give, completely correct information)

exaggerate /ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt; US / verb [intran, tran to make sth seem larger, better, worse, etc. than it really is Don’t exaggerate. I was only two minutes late, not twenty. The problems have been greatly exaggerated. ▶ przesadzać wyolbrzymiać

exam /ɪɡˈzæm/ (formal examination) n [c] a written, spoken or practical test of what you know or can do an English exam the exam results to revise for an exam to do/take/sit an exam zdawać egzamin to pass (zdać)/fail (oblać) an exam ▶ egzamin

examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn; US / noun 1 [countable] (formal) = exam 2[countable, uncountable] the act of looking at sth carefully, especially to see if there is anything wrong or to find the cause of a problem

examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ verb [tran] 1 to consider or study an idea, a subject, etc. very carefully These theories will be examined in more detail later on in the lecture. It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out. ▶ badać analizować

examiner /ɪɡˈzæmɪnə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who tests sb in an exam ▶ egzaminator/ka

example /ɪɡˈzɑ: mp/ noun [c] 1an example (of sth) something such as an object, a fact or a situation which shows, explains or supports what you say This dictionary gives many examples of how words are used in sentences.

excavate /ˈekskəveɪt/ verb [intran, tran] to dig in the ground to look for old objects or buildings that have been buried for a long time; to find sth A Roman villa has been excavated in a valley near the village. ▶ prowadzić wykopaliska

excavator /ˈekskəveɪtə(r); US / noun [countable] a large machine that is used for digging and moving earth ▶ koparka

exceed /ɪkˈsi: d; US / verb [transitive] 1 to be more than a particular number or amount The weight should not exceed 20 kilos. ▶ przekraczać przewyższać

excellence /ˈeksələns; US / noun [uncountable] the quality of being very good The head teacher said that she wanted the school to be a centre of academic excellence. ▶ znakomitość świetność doskonałość

excellent /ˈeksələnt; US / adj. very good; of high quality He speaks excellent French. ▶ znakomity świetny doskonały ⇨ note at good □ excellently /; US / adv. ▶ znakomicie świetnie doskonale

except1 /ɪkˈsept/ prep. except (for) sb/sth; except that... not including sb/sth; apart from the fact that The museum is open every day except Mondays. Everyone except Tony is going on the trip.

except2 /ɪkˈsept/ verb [tran, often passive] (formal) except sb/sth (from sth) to leave sb/sth out; to not include sb/sth Nobody is excepted from helping with the housework. ▶ wyłączać wykluczać

exception /ɪkˈsepʃn/ noun [c] Most of his songs are awful but this one is an exception. There’s an exception to every rule. Everybody was poor as a student and I was no exception. ▶ wyjątek odstępstwo

exceptional /ɪkˈsepʃənl ; US / adj. very unusual; unusually good You will only be allowed to leave early in exceptional circumstances. We have had a really exceptional summer. ▶ wyjątkowy  SYNONYM  outstanding □ exceptionally /-ʃənəli ; US /

excerpt /ˈeksɜ: pt; US / noun [countable] a short piece taken from a book, film, piece of music, etc. ▶ fragment urywek

excess1 /ɪkˈses; US / noun [sing.] an excess (of sth) more of sth than is necessary or usual; too much of sth An excess of fat in your diet can lead to heart disease. ▶ nadmiar przesada

excess2 /ˈekses; US / adj. [only before a noun] more than is usual or allowed; extra Cut any excess fat off the meat. excess baggage nadbagaż ▶ nadmierny przekraczający normę ⇨ verb exceed

excessive /ɪkˈsesɪv; US / adj. too much; too great or extreme He was driving at excessive speed when he crashed. ▶ wygórowany nadmierny przesadny ▶ nadmiernie przesadnie

exchange1 /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ; US / noun 1[c, uc] giving or receiving sth in return for sth else a useful exchange of information We can offer free accommodation in exchange for (w zamian za) some help in the house. ▶ wymiana zamiana

exchange2 /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ; US / verb [transitive] exchange A for B; exchange sth (with sb) to give or receive sth in return for sth else I would like to exchange this skirt for a bigger size.

excise /ˈeksaɪz; US / noun [uncountable] a government tax on certain goods that are produced or sold inside a country, for example cigarettes, alcohol, etc. ▶ akcyza podatek akcyzowy ⇨ look at customs

excitable /ɪkˈsaɪtəbl; US / adj. easily excited ▶ pobudliwy

excite /ɪkˈsaɪt; US / verb [transitive] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1 to make sb feel happy and enthusiastic or nervous Don’t excite the baby too much or we’ll never get him off to sleep. ▶ pobudzać podniecać

excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd; US / adj. excited (about/at/by sth) feeling or showing happiness and enthusiasm; not calm Are you getting excited about your holiday? We’re all very excited at the thought of moving house. ▶ podniecony

excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt; US / noun [uncountable] ⇨ the state of being excited, especially because sth interesting is happening or will happen

exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ; US / adj. ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW causing strong feelings of pleasure and interest That’s very exciting news. Berlin is one of the most exciting cities in Europe. ▶ podniecający ciekawy

exclaim /ɪkˈskleɪm; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to say sth suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, angry, etc. ‘ I just don’t believe it!’ he exclaimed. ▶ wykrzykiwać

exclamation /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn; US / noun [countable] a short sound, word or phrase that you say suddenly because of a strong emotion, pain, etc. ‘ Ouch!’ is an exclamation. ▶ okrzyk krzyk  SYNONYM  interjection

ˌexclaˈmation mark (US ˌexclaˈmation point) noun [countable] a mark (!) that is written after an exclamation ▶ wykrzyknik