TEQLMGE General

Data Center electricity use

According to estimates by the International Energy Agency, data centers consume an average of 270 terawatt-hours of electricity, accounting for about 1% of global electricity demand, contributing to 0.6% of all global greenhouse gas emissions.

Dialectical

This term is often used in philosophy and refers to the art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions.

Mainframe Computers

IBM's early contributions to large-scale computing systems. Revolutionized large-scale computing; IBM 360 (1964) became the standard, integrating varied software and hardware.

Selector Typewriter

An innovative IBM product that enhanced typing efficiency. Introduced in the 1930s; featured innovative key designs for faster typing and reduced errors.

Tabulating Machines

IBM's development of machines for data organization and analysis. Originated in the 1890s; processed data at unprecedented speeds, using punch cards for census and data analysis.

Time Recording Device

IBM's involvement in mechanical time-tracking systems. Early 1900s invention; mechanized time-keeping for workplaces, increasing efficiency and accuracy.

Mechanical Nature

Highlighting the mechanical basis of early IBM technologies. IBM's early 20th-century tech based on mechanical systems preceding electronic innovations.

Thomas J. Watson

The key figure behind IBM's growth and success. Joined CTR (IBM predecessor) in 1914; under his leadership, IBM revenue grew from $4.5M in 1914 to $892M in 1956.

Pianos and Organs

IBM's early ventures before focusing on computing technology. Before 1924 IBM (then CTR) also made pianos and organs

Solid State Transistors

The shift from electromechanical to electronic components in IBM products. IBM's 7000 series (late 1950s) were among the first computers to utilize transistors enhancing speed and reliability.

Selectric Typewriter

A revolutionary IBM typewriter allowing changeable typefaces. Introduced in 1961; featured a 'golf ball' head that could be swapped for different fonts and symbols.

Underwood Typewriter

An IBM typewriter known for its durability and efficiency. Acquired by IBM in 1931; known for durability, with some models able to type at over 120 words per minute.

Saturn Series Guidance Computer

IBM's role in developing navigation systems for space missions. Developed in the 1960s; integral to NASA's Apollo missions, showcasing advanced computing capabilities.

IBM 701 and 702

Computers developed as a result of wartime technology advancements. Released in the 1950s; 701 was IBM’s first commercial scientific computer, with a production run of just 19 units.

Equal Opportunity Employment

IBM's pioneering stance on inclusive corporate culture. IBM's policy since the 1950s; actively promoted diversity and inclusion in the tech industry.

NORC (Naval Ordnance Research Calculator) 1954

The fastest electronic computer of its time, developed by IBM. Built for the U.S. Navy; was the world's fastest computer at the time, capable of 15,000 additions per second.

Magnetic Core Storage (1955)

IBM's advancement in data storage technology. Allowed data storage in a magnetic form significantly increasing memory capacity and speed.

Growth to 72000 Employees

000 Employees: Reflecting IBM's expansion and influence in the tech industry. By mid-20th century

Transition from Electromechanical to Electronic

The evolution of IBM's technology over time. Shifted from electromechanical systems to fully electronic machines in the mid-20th century boosting processing power.

Punch Cards

A significant IBM innovation for data processing and storage. Essential in early data processing; could store up to 80 characters, crucial for census and business data.

Divesting from Scale Division

IBM's strategic decision to move away from scale-related products. In the 1930s IBM divested from scales to focus on its core computing business.

International Proof Machine

A key product in IBM's lineup for financial data processing. Used in banks from the 1930s; could process checks at a rate of 1,000 per hour.

Linking Adding Machines

IBM's innovation in the field of mechanical calculators. Revolutionized accounting in the early 20th century with increased calculation speeds and accuracy.

Electric Typewriter

The development of electric typewriters by IBM, enhancing efficiency in typing. IBM introduced in the 1930s; offered faster typing speeds and improved functionality over manual models.

Test Scoring Machines

IBM's contribution to educational technology with automated test scoring. Debuted in 1937; could automatically score standardized tests, handling hundreds of sheets per hour.

Code Breaking

IBM's involvement in cryptographic analysis and code-breaking efforts. Contributed to Allied efforts in WWII; machines like the IBM-Harvard Mark I assisted in complex calculations.

Automatic Sequence Control

A step forward in the automation of computational processes. Pioneered in the 1940s; allowed machines to perform a sequence of operations automatically.

ENIAC (Mid-1940s)

IBM's advancements in computing during the era of the ENIAC, one of the earliest computers. IBM's tech influenced early computers; ENIAC could perform 5,000 additions per second.

Addressable Electronic Memory

IBM's development in computer memory technology, allowing for more efficient data access. Early 1950s innovation; allowed specific memory locations to be accessed, not just sequential.

Magnetic Drum Calculator

An early form of computer memory used by IBM, precursor to modern hard drives. Mid-20th century; precursor to hard drives, used magnetic drums to store data.

Equal Opportunity Employment

Emphasizing IBM's early adoption of inclusive employment practices. Reinforced in 1953 by IBM; one of the first major corporations to adopt such policies.

1956 Magnetic Core Storage Units

IBM's major leap in data storage technology paving the way for modern computing. Marked a leap in data storage technology

FORTRAN

IBM's development of one of the first high-level programming languages. Introduced in 1957; first high-level programming language, pivotal in scientific computing.

IBM 709

A significant IBM mainframe computer from the late 1950s. Launched in 1957; a powerful scientific computer, capable of performing thousands of calculations per second.

Vacuum Tube Technology

The use of vacuum tubes in early IBM computers before the transition to transistors. Used in IBM computers until the late 1950s; vacuum tubes were the basis for electronic circuits before transistors.

Transistor Revolution

IBM's shift to transistor-based technology marking a new era in computing. IBM's transition to transistors began in the late 1950s

Ethernet Network

IBM's implementation of Ethernet networking technology in PCs provided a foundation for modern networking.

1Gb 1 sq inch Magnetic Storage

In the 1990s, IBM achieved a milestone in magnetic storage density, reaching 1 gigabit per square inch. This breakthrough significantly increased the capacity of magnetic storage media, paving the way for the next generation of high capacity hard drives.

Prodigy

Prodigy, an early online service codeveloped by IBM, was one of the first to offer a wide range of online services.

Scanning Tunneling Microscope

IBM's invention of the Scanning Tunneling Microscope in 1981 was a groundbreaking achievement in nanotechnology.

1982: Stake in Intel

In 1982, IBM acquired a stake in Intel, deepening their collaboration in microprocessor technology.

Closed off System

IBM PCs initially featured a closed-off system with proprietary components, which limited compatibility with third-party products.

1984

PC AT (Advanced Technology): The IBM PC AT, introduced in 1984, was a high end version of the PC with a 6 MHz Intel 80286 processor and a 20 MB hard disk.

Local Area Network

IBM's development of Local Area Network (LAN) technology

80286 6MHz, IBM AT

The IBM AT

Intel 386 to 486 (1989)

The transition from the Intel 386 to the 486 processor in 1989 The 486 processor, with speeds up to 25 MHz and enhanced graphic capabilities, enabled more sophisticated applications and improved user experiences.

1Gb 1 sq inch Magnetic Storage

In the 1990s, IBM achieved a milestone in magnetic storage density, reaching 1 gigabit per square inch. This breakthrough significantly increased the capacity of magnetic storage media, paving the way for the next generation of highcapacity hard drives.

Prodigy

Prodigy, an early online service codeveloped by IBM, was one of the first to offer a wide range of online services. Launched in the 1980s,